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4D printing of unaligned LCE: a facile approach to print photo mobile polymers

Title4D printing of unaligned LCE: a facile approach to print photo mobile polymers
Publication TypeArticolo su Rivista peer-reviewed
Year of Publication2025
AuthorsSagnelli, Domenico, D’Avino Amalia, Guilcapi Bryan, Fasolino Tommaso, De Girolamo Del Mauro Anna, Loffredo Fausta, Villani Fulvia, Nenna G., and Petti Lucia
JournalMaterials Advances
Type of ArticleArticle
Abstract

Here, we present a novel materials-based strategy that bypasses alignment procedures by integrating ZnO nanoparticles into an LCE ink, enabling a simplified, direct-write 4D printing process. We first demonstrate that ZnO doping significantly enhances the photo-actuation of non-aligned, injected LCE films, confirming the viability of the approach. Applying this strategy, we successfully printed reproducible actuators that exhibit large-amplitude bending and high actuation speeds, with performance comparable to traditionally aligned LCEs. The mechanism behind this enhancement is a synergistic photo-thermal effect; the ZnO nanoparticles increase light absorption via scattering while also dramatically improving the thermal diffusivity of the polymer matrix, leading to a more efficient and rapid mechanical response. By shifting the complexity from the manufacturing process to the material itself, this work offers a scalable pathway towards the rapid fabrication of complex, stimuli-responsive architectures for applications in soft robotics and adaptive systems. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2026

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URLhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105026499927&doi=10.1039%2Fd5ma01396h&partnerID=40&md5=51328da3c6bc325931401f0e44865bd9
DOI10.1039/d5ma01396h
Citation KeySagnelli2025